Water Pollution - Causes, Effects, and Solutions

By Swadhin

Introduction

Water pollution refers to the contamination of water bodies (rivers, lakes, groundwater, oceans) due to human activities. This contamination threatens life, economies, and ecosystems. Major causes include industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and sewage.

Major Causes of Water Pollution

Effects on Health

Waterborne diseases like cholera, dysentery, and typhoid pose significant health risks. Heavy metal poisoning (lead, mercury) can damage the nervous system.

Effects on the Environment

Aquatic life suffers from oxygen depletion. Groundwater contamination affects agriculture. Urgent action is needed to protect water resources.

Odisha’s Water Pollution Scenario

Major polluted rivers include Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, and Rushikulya. Industrial zones like Angul and Talcher contribute heavily to pollution.

Case Study – Mahanadi River Pollution

Industrial effluents from steel and power plants contaminate the river. Fisheries and drinking water sources are affected.

Government Initiatives in Odisha

Control Measures

Individual & Community Efforts

Technological & Policy Solutions

Conclusion

Protecting Odisha’s water bodies is crucial. Responsible behavior and stricter regulations can ensure cleaner water for the future.

"Water is life, and clean water means health." – Audrey Hepburn